
{"id":48382,"date":"2020-02-04T12:31:19","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T11:31:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/antioxidant-role-of-prgf-on-rpe-cells-after-blue-light-insult-as-a-therapy-for-neurodegenerative-diseases\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T16:14:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T15:14:57","slug":"antioxidant-role-of-prgf-on-rpe-cells-after-blue-light-insult-as-a-therapy-for-neurodegenerative-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/antioxidant-role-of-prgf-on-rpe-cells-after-blue-light-insult-as-a-therapy-for-neurodegenerative-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"Antioxidant Role of PRGF on RPE Cells after Blue Light Insult as a Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row content_text_aligment=&#8221;left&#8221; row_background_lines=&#8221;no&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"title\">Abstract<\/h3>\n<div id=\"enc-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\n<div id=\"enc-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\n<p>Oxidative stress has a strong impact on the development of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is a novel therapeutic approach in ophthalmological pathologies. The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant effect of PRGF in retinal epithelial cells (EPR) in in vitro and ex vivo retinal phototoxicity models. In vitro analyses were performed on ARPE19 human cell line. Viability and mitochondrial status were assessed in order to test the primary effects of PRGF. GSH level, and protein and gene expression of the main antioxidant pathway (Keap1, Nrf2, GCL, HO-1, and NQO1) were also studied. Ex vivo analyses were performed on rat RPE, and HO-1 and Nrf2 gene and protein expression were evaluated. The results show that PRGF reduces light insult by stimulating the cell response against oxidative damage and modulates the antioxidant pathway. We conclude that PRGF&#8217;s protective effect could prove useful as a new therapy for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as AMD.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong class=\"sub-title\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>ARPE19; Age-related macular degeneration (AMD); antioxidant; blue light; neurodegenerative disease; plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF); reactive oxygen species (ROS); retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Figures<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; content_text_aligment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column]<div class=\"qodef-image-gallery qodef-grid-list qodef-disable-bottom-space  qodef-ig-grid-type qodef-four-columns qodef-tiny-space  qodef-image-behavior-lightbox\">\n\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-inner qodef-outer-space\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g001.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 1.&lt;\/strong&gt; ARPE19 MTT assay (n = 24) for viability. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) 10% protects cells against blue light insult by increasing cell viability up to control levels. Statistical analysis: One-way Anova, Tukey multiple comparison test, ** p &lt; 0.005, and *** p &lt; 0.0005.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g001-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g002.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 2.&lt;\/strong&gt; ARPE19 cell cultures (n = 4). (A) JC-1 staining to study mitochondria status, PRGF enhances mitochondria status in presence of blue light; (B) Dihydroethidium staining (DHE) for the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), PRGF significantly reduces the expression of ROS as compared with the blue light treatment. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05, and ** p &lt; 0.005. Scale = 50 \u00b5M.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g002-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g003.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 3.&lt;\/strong&gt; GSH quantification in ARPE19 cultures (n = 4). Blue light reduced the concentration of GSH, while PRGF significantly increased GSH compared to control. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05, and ** p &lt; 0.005.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g003-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g004.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 4.&lt;\/strong&gt; (A) GLCM and GCLC gene expression related to actin in ARPE19 (n = 4), PRGF reduced their expression in both the presence and absence of blue light; (B) GCLM and GCLC Western blot analysis in ARPE19, PRGF increased their expression in both cases. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05, ** p &lt; 0.005, *** p &lt; 0.0005, **** p &lt; 0.0001, and #### p &lt; 0.0001.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g004-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g005.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 5.&lt;\/strong&gt; Gene expression of GSTP1 related to actin in ARPE19 cell cultures (n = 4). Blue light increased the expression of GSTP1, and PRGF reduced it significantly. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, and * p &lt; 0.05.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g005-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g006.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 6.&lt;\/strong&gt; ARPE19 cell cultures (n = 4). (A) Nrf2 and Keap1 gene expression related to actin, blue light increased the expression of both genes but PRGF reduced it; (B) Nrf2 protein expression, blue light slightly increased the expression of cytoplasmic Nrf2 as compared with the control, nuclear Nrf2 increased when cells were treated with PRGF. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05, ** p &lt; 0.005, and # p &lt; 0.05.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g006-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g007.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 7.&lt;\/strong&gt; ARPE19 cell cultures. (A) HO-1 gene expression related to actin, blue light stimulated the expression of HO-1 as compared with the control, PRGF combined with blue light treatment showed a higher expression of HO-1 as compared with the other groups; (B) HO-1 protein expression related to actin, blue light increased the expression of HO-1 as did PRGF combined with blue light treatment. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05, and ** p &lt; 0.005.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g007-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g008.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 8.&lt;\/strong&gt; ARPE19 immunocytochemistry for HO-1 (green) and DAPI (blue) (n = 4). The results showed that blue light increased HO-1 expression. In addition, PRGF intrinsically expressed HO-1 as compared with the control. PRGF combined with blue light also increased staining for HO-1. Scale = 50 \u00b5M.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g008-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g009.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 9.&lt;\/strong&gt; ARPE19 qPCR for NQO1 related to actin (n = 4). NQO1 expression is increased by blue light. However, PRGF reduced it significantly. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05, and ** p &lt; 0.005.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g009-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g010.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 10.&lt;\/strong&gt; (A) RPE immunocytochemistry for HO-1 (green) (n = 4), results showed that blue light increased HO-1 expression but PRGF 100% reduced it; (B) expression of HO-1 is increased by blue light, PRGF 100% significantly reduced its expression when combined with blue light. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, and * p &lt; 0.05. Scale = 50 \u00b5M. Similar articles Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Promotes Autophagy in ARPE19 Cells in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by Blue Light. Su\u00e1rez-Barrio C, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez E, Fern\u00e1n\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g010-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g011.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-1000]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 11.&lt;\/strong&gt; A) RPE immunocytochemistry for Nrf2 (red) (n = 4), results showed that blue light increased Nrf2 staining, PRGF 100% combined with blue light resulted in reduced intensity of staining compared to blue light results; (B) Nrf2 gene expression was stimulated by blue light while PRGF 100% reduced it. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, and * p &lt; 0.05. Scale = 0.5 \u00b5M.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ijms-21-01021-g011-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;50px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<a itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/22.-ijms-21-01021.pdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"  class=\"qodef-btn qodef-btn-medium qodef-btn-solid btnWebRosa2\"  >\n    <span class=\"qodef-btn-text\">Scarica articolo<\/span>\n    <\/a>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3):1021.<\/strong><br \/>\nOxidative stress has a strong impact on the development of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is a novel therapeutic approach in ophthalmological pathologies. The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant effect of PRGF in retinal epithelial cells (EPR) in in vitro and ex vivo retinal phototoxicity models. In vitro analyses were performed on ARPE19 human cell line. Viability and mitochondrial status were assessed in order to test the primary effects of PRGF.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2002,"featured_media":48298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[157],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicina-rigenerativa"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2002"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48382"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48383,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48382\/revisions\/48383"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}