{"id":48048,"date":"2021-06-28T11:57:36","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T10:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/plasma-rich-in-growth-factors-promotes-autophagy-in-arpe19-cells-in-response-to-oxidative-stress-induced-by-blue-light\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T12:46:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T11:46:14","slug":"plasma-rich-in-growth-factors-promotes-autophagy-in-arpe19-cells-in-response-to-oxidative-stress-induced-by-blue-light","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/plasma-rich-in-growth-factors-promotes-autophagy-in-arpe19-cells-in-response-to-oxidative-stress-induced-by-blue-light\/","title":{"rendered":"Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Promotes Autophagy in ARPE19 Cells in Response to Oxidative Stress Induced by Blue Light"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row content_text_aligment=&#8221;left&#8221; row_background_lines=&#8221;no&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"title\">Abstract<\/h3>\n<div id=\"enc-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\n<div id=\"enc-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\n<p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes the degeneration of photoreceptors and retinal cells leading to vision loss in older subjects. Among possible exogenous risk factors, it has been recently proposed that long-term exposure to blue light could aggravate the course of AMD. In the search for therapeutic options, plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) has been shown to enhance cell antioxidant pathways and protect photoreceptors against the harm produced by blue light, although its mechanism of action remains unknown. One possible mechanism, autophagy, is one of the most conservative cell renewal systems used in eukaryotes to destroy cellular components that have been damaged by some kind of insult. The oxidative stress of exposure to blue light is known to induce cell autophagy. In this study, we examined the combined effects on autophagy of blue light and PRGF in a retinal cell line, ARPE19. In response to treatment with both PRGF and blue light, we detected the modulated expression of autophagy markers such as NF-kB, p62\/sqstm1, Atg5, LC3 and Beclin1, and inflammatory markers such as IL1B and IL18. Our findings suggest that PRGF promotes cell autophagy in response to exposure to blue light.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong class=\"sub-title\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>AMD; ARPE19; PRGF; antioxidant; autophagy; neuroprotection; oxidative stress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Figures<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; content_text_aligment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column]<div class=\"qodef-image-gallery qodef-grid-list qodef-disable-bottom-space  qodef-ig-grid-type qodef-four-columns qodef-tiny-space  qodef-image-behavior-lightbox\">\n\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-inner qodef-outer-space\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g001.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 1.&lt;\/strong&gt; Autophagy activation pathways. Blue light increases ROS production in RPE cells, activating NF-kB, which modulates autophagy, antioxidant, and inflammatory pathways.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g001-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g002.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 2.&lt;\/strong&gt; NF-kB gene expression and protein expression relative to the expression of actin. (A) NF-kB gene expression measured by qPCR. Results indicate that in response to blue light its gene expression was significantly increased. PRGF plus blue light treatment produced a significantly different effect to blue light alone, suggesting that PRGF was able to reduce the impacts of ROS. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons test, * p &lt; 0.05 (n = 4). (B) NF-kB protein expression measured by Western blotting. Results indicate no significant differences in protein expression among the treatments. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal\u2013Wallis multiple comparisons test (n = 4).\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g002-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g003.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 3.&lt;\/strong&gt; Immunofluorescence staining of NF-kB (green) and nucleus (DAPI, blue). Results indicate the increased presence of NF-kB in the cell nucleus in response to blue light. Treatment with PRGF alone led to a dotted pattern of NF-kB around the nucleus. White arrows point to NF-kB in the nucleus. Scale bar 50 \u00b5m (n = 4).\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g003-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g004.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 4.&lt;\/strong&gt; p62\/sqstm1 gene expression, and protein expression relative to the expression of actin. (A) p62\/sqstm1 gene expression measured by qPCR. Results indicate that in response to blue light alone, or in combination with PRGF, its gene expression was significantly increased compared to PRGF alone. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons test, * p &lt; 0.05 (n = 4). (B) p62\/sqstm1 protein expression measured by Western blotting. Results indicate that PRGF plus blue light led to a significant increase in the expression of this marker compared to the control and PRGF treatments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons test, * p &lt; 0.05, ** p &lt; 0.005 (n = 4).\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g004-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g005.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 5.&lt;\/strong&gt; Atg5 gene expression, and protein expression relative to the expression of actin. (A) Atg5 gene expression measured by qPCR. Results indicate that in the presence of PRGF, its gene expression was significantly increased compared to the blue light treatment, combined or not with PRGF. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons test, * p &lt; 0.05 (n = 4). (B) Atg5 protein expression measured by Western blotting. Results indicate that blue light, alone or combined with PRGF, led to a significant increase in the expression of this marker compared to the PRGF treatment. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons test, ** p &lt; 0.005 (n = 4).\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g005-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g006.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 6.&lt;\/strong&gt; LC3 gene expression, and protein expression relative to the expression of actin. (A) LC3 gene expression measured by qPCR. Results indicate that in response to blue light, its gene expression was significantly increased compared to the PRGF treatment. It was also possible to see a difference between control and blue light treatments, however it was not significant (p = 0.1065). One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparisons test, * p &lt; 0.05 (n = 4). (B) LC3II:LC3I ratio of protein expression measured by Western blotting. Results indicate that PRGF plus blue light led to a significant increase in the expression of LC3I compared to the control treatment. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05 (n = 4).\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g006-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g007.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 7.&lt;\/strong&gt; Beclin1 gene expression, and protein expression relative to the expression of actin. (A) Beclin1 gene expression measured by qPCR. Results indicate that in response to blue light with or without PRGF its gene expression was significantly increased compared to the control treatment. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05 (n = 4). (B) Beclin1 protein expression measured by Western blotting. Results indicate no significant difference in protein expression among the treatments. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal\u2013Wallis multiple comparison test (n = 4).\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g007-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g008.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 8.&lt;\/strong&gt; IL1B gene expression, and protein expression relative to the expression of actin. (A) IL1B gene expression measured by qPCR. Results indicate that in response to blue light this expression was significantly increased compared to the remaining treatments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05 (n = 4). (B) IL1B protein expression measured by Western blotting. Results indicate that blue light plus PRGF led to a significant increase in the expression of this marker compared to blue light alone. In addition, PRGF alone also gave rise to the increased expression of this marker compared to control results. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05, ** p &lt; 0.005 and, *** p &lt; 0.0005 (n = 4).\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g008-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image qodef-item-space\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-ig-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a itemprop=\"image\" class=\"qodef-ig-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g009.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto[image_gallery_pretty_photo-845]\" title=\"&lt;strong&gt;Figure 9.&lt;\/strong&gt; IL18 gene expression, and protein expression relative to the expression of actin. (A) IL18 gene expression measured by qPCR. Results indicate that in response to blue light alone the expression of the marker was increased compared to its combination with PRGF. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05 (n = 4). (B) IL18 protein expression measured by Western blotting. Results indicate that blue light led to a significant increase in the expression of this marker compared to the blue light plus PRGF and control treatments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s multiple comparison test, * p &lt; 0.05 and ** p &lt; 0.005 (n = 4).\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/biomolecules-11-00954-g009-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;50px&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<a itemprop=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/18.-biomolecules-11-00954.pdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"  class=\"qodef-btn qodef-btn-medium qodef-btn-solid btnWebRosa2\"  >\n    <span class=\"qodef-btn-text\">Artikel herunterladen<\/span>\n    <\/a>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Biomolecules. 2021 Jun 28;11(7):954.<\/strong><br \/>\nAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes the degeneration of photoreceptors and retinal cells leading to vision loss in older subjects. Among possible exogenous risk factors, it has been recently proposed that long-term exposure to blue light could aggravate the course of AMD. In the search for therapeutic options, plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) has been shown to enhance cell antioxidant pathways and protect photoreceptors against the harm produced by blue light, although its mechanism of action remains unknown.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2002,"featured_media":47977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-regenerative-medizin"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2002"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48048"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48049,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48048\/revisions\/48049"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.btitrainingcenter.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}